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Chand N. Das

Major General Chand N. Das was educated in Government College, Lahore, and received his military training at Royal Military College, Sandhurst, England, and Staff College, Quetta (now in Pakistan).

He was commissioned in the British Indian Army in 1933 and posted as a Subaltern with the Lancashire Fusiliers. He joined the 5 Battalion of the Rajputana Rifles in Razmak in North West Frontier Province in 1934. During his 32 years of service with the Army, he held both Command and Staff appointments at many levels. During World War II, he served in Hongkong, Burma, Italy and Greece and was awarded the Officer Class of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (O.B.E.) in recognition of his distinguished service.

The appointments held by him since India’s independence in 1947 included Deputy Director of Military Training, Director of Military Intelligence and Commander of the Saurashtra Brigade.

General Das served as Chairman of the International Commission for Supervision and Control in Cambodia, Indo-China, with the rank of an Ambassador, General Officer Commanding of the famous 5 Indian Division, Military Adviser to the Government of Assam and later General Officer Commanding of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat areas.

He retired from the Indian Army in 1965 and is now settled in New Delhi.

His other books are Traditions and Customs of the Indian Armed Forces (1984) and History of the Rajputana Rifles, 1947-90. He has also extensively written on military topics for The Infantry Journal, Sainik Samachar published by the Ministry of Defence in English and eleven Indian languages, and the Indian Military Collector’s Society Journal, Canada and England

Books Written [1 nos]
Your Borwser does not spports Java

How Stocks Can Make You Rich Beyond Your Dreams

Few financial endeavours have occupied the time of more men over more years with less success than attempting to ?beat the market?. So many have tried and failed that it has become popular to believe that no one can consistently outperform the averages.

Nothing could be further from the truth! Some (equity) investors, utilizing more sophisticated approaches than the public at large, can earn much higher returns, year in and year out,? says the author of this article. And such higher returns from stocks can lead to ?riches beyond the dreams of avarice?. Read on to find out how?

The endless quest by fundamentalists and technicians alike to discover the secret of calling market turns is driven by a knowledge of the incredible returns a completely successful timing strategy would yield.

Consider, for example, that from early 1964 through the end of 1984, the average New York Stock Exchange common stock provided its holders with a total return from dividends and capital appreciation of 11% per annum compounded. By comparison, an investor with the intelligence and foresight to step out of stocks and hold cash during the three bear markets of the period could have earned nearly twice that return ? 21% per annum compounded. He could have achieved such a performance without ever picking a single stock or speculating on margin; by merely buying and selling ?the market? (which is easier than you might think).

Taking the illustration a step further, an investor who actually sold the market short during the three bear moves (instead of just holding cash) would have reaped an additional profit sufficient to increase the compounded return to 27% per annum, a stunning cumulative return of 13,812% (see Table 1).

But let us take our illustration yet a further step. An investor who perfectly forecast every up and down market swing of at least 5% during those years, buying just before each up move and selling short just before the market was about to drop 5% or more, would have garnered a return approaching an astounding 52.4 million percent, equivalent to nearly doubling his money every year!

Perfectly forecasting even small price swings would naturally lead to even larger profits, although ultimately (broker) commission costs would equal the size of the swing itself and eat up all gains.

So the next time you hear someone say that all you need to do is buy good stocks and hold them, think of these comparisons of "buy and hold" with various market timing strategies.

Of course, few investors ever time a single market cycle to perfection, much less repeat the feat year in and year out.? And accurately timing all market moves as small as 5% is simply impossible. Indeed, the incredible returns of the short term trading strategies shown in Table 2 demonstrate how improbable such perfect timing is. Thus, the endless quest for new market timing techniques is based less on a belief that perfection is achievable than on an understanding of how profitable even the slightest success in market timing can be.

Even readily attainable levels of market timing success can have a dramatic impact on overall returns. For example, an investor who was short for only one- quarter of each of those three bear markets in the past twenty years would have spared himself half the losses incurred by his fully invested counterparts, and his $ 10,000 would have grown to $237,790 ? tripling the profits of buy and hold.

Just what magnitude of returns constitutes a realistic expectation is a function of the degree of forecasting accuracy that can, in practice, be achieved.? It might seem likely that accurate market forecasts for the next few days would be relatively easy to achieve, and that any prediction of prices six months or a year in the future would be highly conjectural. Interestingly enough, exactly the opposite is true; long-term market cycles are much easier to anticipate than day-to-day wiggles in the averages. Furthermore, besides being exceedingly difficult to predict, small, brief price movements are rendered even less profitable by the burden of repeated transactions costs.

Be it from impatience or curiosity, most investors are unduly concerned about what the market will do in the next few days when their attention would far better be focused on where the market will be in three, six, or twelve months. The answers to questions about tomorrow's ripple may be more interesting, but answers to questions about the major trend are ultimately far more profitable.

Not surprisingly, many of the academic studies that have concluded that successive stock price changes are random (unrelated to one another), have analyzed only very short term market movements, which do exhibit a large random component.? However, when the longer term, which has been all but ignored by random walk theorists, is viewed in the light of market forecasting indicators, it becomes clear that the market does not follow a random pattern, and that superior profits await equity investors willing to follow the guidance of those indicators. .

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